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Color changes like white (leukoplakia) or red (erythroplakia) patches may also indicate abnormal cell growth. According to Mayo Clinic, red patches are more likely to be cancerous. Persistent bleeding without injury is another red flag.
Other symptoms include lumps, thickened or rough areas, and persistent numbness or pain. “Sensory changes in the lips, tongue, or chin… should not be ignored,” notes the American Dental Association. Difficulty chewing, swallowing, or jaw movement can also signal problems.
